Calling external DLL from EasyLanguage

March 26th, 2010, 09:23 PM

ehlaban

Could somebody point me to some good description/tutorial/explanation on how to call an external DLL from Multicharts or Easylanguage if that's no different.

Ernesto

This example is for Visual Studio C++

Courtesy user wegi from MultiCharts forum:
TS SUPPORT :: View topic - Request : dll example

VS: New - Project - Win32 DLL

Code

                            
extern "C" LPCSTR __declspec( dllexport ) __stdcall intToAsc(int v) 
{ 
 
   try{ 
 
      char buffer [255]; 
      sprintf (buffer,"%c", v); 
 
      return buffer; 
 
   } 
   catch(...){ 
      LPCSTR sValue = "ERR EXCEPTION"; 
        return sValue; 
   } 
 
}

Then create a DEF file to declare the functions exported:

Code

                            
EXPORTS    intToAsc

Then use this EasyLanguage code:

Code

                            

vars: tab(""); 
 
DefineDLLFunc: "dlltest.dll",  lpstr, "intToAsc", int; 
 
if tab = "" then tab = intToAsc(9);

Mike

April 15th, 2010, 09:50 PM

This sounds Great Mike!
Does this mean, the DLL's created for NT can be imported directly into Easy Language & we don't have to convert the indicator or strategy to Easy Language?

If not I wish there was an easy way to do this, please let me know if you have any ideas on easy portability between NT & Easy Language.

April 15th, 2010, 09:54 PM

thinkfuture

This sounds Great Mike!
Does this mean, the DLL's created for NT can be imported directly into Easy Language & we don't have to convert the indicator or strategy to Easy Language?

If not I wish there was an easy way to do this, please let me know if you have any ideas on easy portability between NT & Easy Language.

No, it's not that simple.

It just means if there is something you want to do that can't be done in EasyLanguage, you could pass variables to/from a DLL and have your C++ do it.

As for NT -> EL conversion, it is case by case. I suggest creating a new thread here in the EasyLanguage Programming section for each indicator you want converted, attach a screen shot or two and the NinjaTrader .cs source, and then someone can probably covert it.

Mike

April 5th, 2012, 03:12 PM

Big Mike

This example is for Visual Studio C++

Courtesy user wegi from MultiCharts forum:
TS SUPPORT :: View topic - Request : dll example

VS: New - Project - Win32 DLL

Code

                            
extern "C" LPCSTR __declspec( dllexport ) __stdcall intToAsc(int v) 

{ 

 

   try{ 

 

      char buffer [255]; 

      sprintf (buffer,"%c", v); 

 

      return buffer; 

 

   } 

   catch(...){ 

      LPCSTR sValue = "ERR EXCEPTION"; 

        return sValue; 

   } 

 

}

Then create a DEF file to declare the functions exported:

Code

                            
EXPORTS    intToAsc

Then use this EasyLanguage code:

Code

                            


vars: tab(""); 

 

DefineDLLFunc: "dlltest.dll",  lpstr, "intToAsc", int; 

 

if tab = "" then tab = intToAsc(9);

Mike

Sooo...

I'm in the middle of trying to convert the (futures.io (formerly BMT) Elite) "Myst" strategy from NinjaTrader to MultiCharts 7.4 which lead me down a path trying to implement some of the toolbar functionality that NT handles natively in C# as a C/C++ DLL. I may go the C# or even PowerBasic DLL route at some point, but wanted to start with the most direct method first. Given I've yet to try to extend MC via DLLs, this seemed like a worthwhile exercise to see what was involved. I read the TradeStation/EasyLanguage PDF references and several postings on the web that specifically state that function prototypes need to be defined as "__stdcall" rather than "__cdecl" but MC was unable to locate the functions I defined via DefineDLLFunc due to the mangling that occurred by declaring the functions as "__stdcall" (e.g. bad_function( int ) is exposed as _bad_function@4).

I shot MC support an Email and they referred me to GlobalVariable.dll which exposes the functions without "mangling" the function names which makes me wonder if they used the recommended "__stdcall" method as well - requests for access to the GlobalVarialble.dll source haven't been answered

.

I wrote a quickee C/C++ test harness using "__cdecl" (on Visual Studio 2010) that others may find helpful. I'd still be interested in hearing if anyone has been able to create and call DLLs by defining functions using "__stdcall" - attempts at going that route lead MC to report "Can't find function "blah" in dll.". These functions do nothing beyond returning the value passed, but it's a start (K.I.S.S.).

-Guy

p.s. BTW, wouldn't your example above return a string pointer from a stack frame that may cause "bad bahavior"

- just curious - it's been a while since I've dabbled in C/C++...

Code

                            
// MystToolBarWin32.h



#ifdef MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_EXPORTS

#define MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API __declspec(dllexport)

#else

#define MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API __declspec(dllimport)

#endif



extern "C" {

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int __stdcall bad_function( int v );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int __cdecl good_function( int v );



    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned char  __cdecl test_byte( unsigned char b );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API char           __cdecl test_char( char b );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API LPSTR          __cdecl test_lpstr( LPSTR s );



    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned short __cdecl test_word( unsigned short w );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned int   __cdecl test_dword( unsigned int dw );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned int   __cdecl test_bool( unsigned int b );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int            __cdecl test_int( int i );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API long           __cdecl test_long( long l );



    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API float         __cdecl test_float( float f );

    MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API double        __cdecl test_double( double d );

}

Code

                            
// MystToolBarWin32.cpp : Defines the exported functions for the DLL application.



#include "stdafx.h"

#include "stdio.h"

#include "stdlib.h"



#include "MystToolBarWin32.h"



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int __stdcall bad_function( int v )

{

    return 123;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int __cdecl good_function( int v )

{

    return 456;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned char __cdecl test_byte( unsigned char b )

{

    return b;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API char __cdecl test_char( char b )

{

    return b;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API LPSTR __cdecl test_lpstr( LPSTR s )

{

    return s;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned short __cdecl test_word( unsigned short w )

{

    return w;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned int __cdecl test_dword( unsigned int dw )

{

    return dw;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API unsigned int __cdecl test_bool( unsigned int b )

{

    return b;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API int __cdecl test_int( int i )

{

    return i;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API long __cdecl test_long( long l )

{

    return l;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API float __cdecl test_float( float f )

{

    return f;

}



extern "C" MYSTTOOLBARWIN32_API double __cdecl test_double( double d )

{

    return d;

}

Code

                            
// Fu510nDLLTest - MultiCharts DLL test harness (writes output to Output window)



vars:

    int idx( 0 ),

    int n( 0 ),

    float f( 0.0 ),

    double d1( 0.0 ),

    s1( "string" ),

    s2( "" );



array:

    nArray[9]( 0 );



DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", byte,   "test_byte",   byte;   // 1 byte integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", char,   "test_char",   char;   // 1 byte integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", word,   "test_word",   word;   // 2 byte unsigned integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", dword,  "test_dword",  dword;  // 4 byte unsigned integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", bool,   "test_bool",   bool;   // 4 byte boolean

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", int,    "test_int",    int;    // 4 byte signed integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", long,   "test_long",   long;   // 4 byte signed integer

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", float,  "test_float",  float;  // 4 byte floating point

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", double, "test_double", double; // 8 byte floating point

DefineDLLFunc: "MystToolBarWin32.dll", LPSTR,  "test_lpstr",  LPSTR;  // pointer to a char



once begin



    nArray[0] = 0;

    nArray[1] = 127;

    nArray[2] = 128;

    nArray[3] = 255;

    nArray[4] = -1;

    nArray[5] = 256;

    nArray[6] = 65536;

    nArray[7] = 65536*256;

    nArray[8] = 65536*65536;



    ClearDebug();



    for idx = 0 to 5 begin

        n = test_byte( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_byte( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    for idx = 0 to 5 begin

        n = test_char( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_char( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    s2 = test_lpstr( s1 );

    MessageLog( "test_lpstr( ", s1, " )=[ ", s2 , " ]" );



    MessageLog( "" );



    for idx = 0 to 6 begin

        n = test_word( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_word( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    for idx = 0 to 8 begin

        n = test_dword( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_dword( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    MessageLog( "test_bool( False )=[ ", test_bool( False ), " ]" );

    MessageLog( "test_bool( True )=[ ", test_bool( True ), " ]" );



    MessageLog( "" );



    nArray[8] = 65536*32768-1;

    nArray[9] = -(65536*32768);



    for idx = 0 to 9 begin

        n = test_int( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_int( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    for idx = 0 to 9 begin

        n = test_long( nArray[idx] );

        MessageLog( "test_long( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );

    end;



    MessageLog( "" );



    f = test_float( 123456.123456 );

    MessageLog( "test_float( ", 123456.123456:8:8, " )=[ ", f:8:8, " ]" );



    MessageLog( "" );



    d1 = test_double( 12345678.12345678 );

    MessageLog( "test_double( ", 12345678.12345678:8:8, " )=[ ", d1:8:8, " ]" );



end;

Code

                            
test_byte( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_byte( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_byte( 128 )=[ 128 ]

test_byte( 255 )=[ 255 ]

test_byte( -1 )=[ 255 ]

test_byte( 256 )=[ 0 ]



test_char( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_char( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_char( 128 )=[ -128 ]

test_char( 255 )=[ -1 ]

test_char( -1 )=[ -1 ]

test_char( 256 )=[ 0 ]



test_lpstr( string )=[ string ]



test_word( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_word( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_word( 128 )=[ 128 ]

test_word( 255 )=[ 255 ]

test_word( -1 )=[ 65535 ]

test_word( 256 )=[ 256 ]

test_word( 65536 )=[ 0 ]



test_dword( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_dword( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_dword( 128 )=[ 128 ]

test_dword( 255 )=[ 255 ]

test_dword( -1 )=[ 4294967295 ]

test_dword( 256 )=[ 256 ]

test_dword( 65536 )=[ 65536 ]

test_dword( 16777216 )=[ 16777216 ]

test_dword( 4294967296 )=[ 0 ]



test_bool( False )=[ FALSE ]

test_bool( True )=[ TRUE ]



test_int( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_int( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_int( 128 )=[ 128 ]

test_int( 255 )=[ 255 ]

test_int( -1 )=[ -1 ]

test_int( 256 )=[ 256 ]

test_int( 65536 )=[ 65536 ]

test_int( 16777216 )=[ 16777216 ]

test_int( 2147483647 )=[ 2147483647 ]

test_int( -2147483648 )=[ -2147483648 ]



test_long( 0 )=[ 0 ]

test_long( 127 )=[ 127 ]

test_long( 128 )=[ 128 ]

test_long( 255 )=[ 255 ]

test_long( -1 )=[ -1 ]

test_long( 256 )=[ 256 ]

test_long( 65536 )=[ 65536 ]

test_long( 16777216 )=[ 16777216 ]

test_long( 2147483647 )=[ 2147483647 ]

test_long( -2147483648 )=[ -2147483648 ]



test_float( 123456.12345600 )=[ 123456.12500000 ]



test_double( 12345678.12345678 )=[ 12345678.12345678 ]

May 27th, 2012, 10:56 AM

Thank you Fu510n for posting this code, but I have a trouble to realize it. I copy your text into VC2010(express edition), compile, put the dll to TSSupport\Multicharts folder and after I open PL indicator on chart, i have this message:

<<EXCEPTION>>
Address: 0x65641407 ( 1701057543 )
Code: 0xC0000005 ( -1073741819 )
Continuable: 0x00000000 ( 0 )
Description: Instraction for adress "0x
ErrorCode: 0xC0000005 ( -1073741819 )
ExceptionType: 0x00000000 ( 0 )
Module: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\TS Support\MultiCharts\StudyServer\Studies\Dlls\Indicators\i_my_indicator.dll
Process: C:\Program Files\TS Support\MultiCharts\MultiCharts.exe
Thread ID: 0x000013F4 ( 5108 )
Time: 27.05.2012 - 01:36:02.768

Whot do you think may be the reason, can you help me?

August 7th, 2014, 04:05 PM

Some references that I have not tested myself...

Step by step guide for developing a C++ DLL (Dynamic Link Library) that can be used with MultiCharts� PowerLanguage: Extending [AUTOLINK]MultiCharts[/AUTOLINK] Capabilities with C++ | Aurora Solutions

This thread on MultiCharts forum: MultiCharts: Trading Software for Automated Trading and [AUTOLINK]Backtesting[/AUTOLINK] ? View topic - [Advanced Topic] Programming DLL

Nicolas

January 2nd, 2015, 01:47 PM

ludvig

Thank you Fu510n for posting this code, but I have a trouble to realize it. I copy your text into VC2010(express edition), compile, put the dll to TSSupport\Multicharts folder and after I open PL indicator on chart, i have this message:

<<EXCEPTION>>
Address: 0x65641407 ( 1701057543 )
Code: 0xC0000005 ( -1073741819 )
Continuable: 0x00000000 ( 0 )
Description: Instraction for adress "0x
ErrorCode: 0xC0000005 ( -1073741819 )
ExceptionType: 0x00000000 ( 0 )
Module: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\TS Support\MultiCharts\StudyServer\Studies\Dlls\Indicators\i_my_indicator.dll
Process: C:\Program Files\TS Support\MultiCharts\MultiCharts.exe
Thread ID: 0x000013F4 ( 5108 )
Time: 27.05.2012 - 01:36:02.768

What do you think may be the reason, can you help me?

32-bit vs. 64-bit Multicharts? (i.e. the DLL has to match whatever version of Multicharts you are running).

Just a thought,
Guy

p.s. I've since upgraded to using VS2013 Community Edition to generate 64-bit DLLs to use with MC64. The same code above "still works", in addition to a PureBasic variant which generates the exact same output. I can post new/updated sources for both versions if anyone is interested...

February 13th, 2015, 10:06 AM

Fu510n

...function prototypes need to be defined as "__stdcall" rather than "__cdecl" but MC was unable to locate the functions ... due to the mangling
that occurred by declaring the functions as "__stdcall" (e.g. bad_function( int ) is exposed as _bad_function@4).
...
I wrote a quickee C/C++ test harness using "__cdecl" (on Visual Studio 2010) that others may find helpful. I'd still be interested in hearing
if anyone has been able to create and call DLLs by defining functions using "__stdcall"...

There are two ways to solve the mangling problem.

1) With DEF file: export the function names via a DEF file, there you can name them whatever you want. Specify the functions by ordinal numbers.

2) Without DEF file: Use linker comments. A lot of people will not like it but it's the simpliest way. The pragma statements belong anywhere in the function body.

Both ways work with VS2008 Pro, I can't test with later versions here but it should do.

Peter

Code

                            
//#define EXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)                         // standard way, we don't use it here

#define EXPORT   comment(linker, "/EXPORT:"__FUNCTION__"="__FUNCDNAME__)  // export unmangled names w/o DEF file



int WINAPI GetLastWin32Error() {  // WINAPI translates to __stdcall

   return(GetLastError());

   #pragma EXPORT

}

Resulting DLL in PE Explorer:

February 28th, 2015, 09:15 PM

Fu510n

32-bit vs. 64-bit Multicharts? (i.e. the DLL has to match whatever version of Multicharts you are running).

Just a thought,
Guy

p.s. I've since upgraded to using VS2013 Community Edition to generate 64-bit DLLs to use with MC64. The same code above "still works", in addition to a PureBasic variant which generates the exact same output. I can post new/updated sources for both versions if anyone is interested...

I received a request for the 64-bit PureBasic (5.31) source from another futures.io (formerly BMT) member, so I'll embed below...

MC64DLLTest.pb

Code

;
; ------------------------------------------------------------
;
;   PureBasic - DLL example file
;
;    (c) Fantaisie Software
;
; ------------------------------------------------------------
;
; This example is a skeleton to build easely a DLL using PureBasic
; The dll is created in the 'Compilers' directory, under the
; 'purebasic.dll' name. An associated '.lib' is generated to use
; with VisualC++.
;
;
; Rules to follow:
;   - Never write code outside a procedure, except for variables
;   or structure declaration.
;   
;   - DirectX Init routines must not be initialized in the the
;   AttachProcess() procedure
;   
;   - There is 4 procedures automatically called: AttachProcess(),
;   DetachProcess(), AttachThread() and DetachThread(). If you don't
;   need them, just remove them.
;

#TESTDLL = 0

CompilerIf #TESTDLL = 0

  CompilerIf #PB_Compiler_OS = #PB_OS_Windows

    ; These 4 procedures are Windows specific
    ;

    ; This procedure is called once, when the program loads the library
    ; for the first time. All init stuffs can be done here (but not DirectX init)
    ;
    ProcedureDLL AttachProcess(Instance)
    EndProcedure
  
    ; Called when the program release (free) the DLL
    ;
    ProcedureDLL DetachProcess(Instance)
    EndProcedure
  
    ; Both are called when a thread in a program call or release (free) the DLL
    ;
    ProcedureDLL AttachThread(Instance)
    EndProcedure
  
    ProcedureDLL DetachThread(Instance)
    EndProcedure

  CompilerEndIf

  ; Real code start here..
  ;
  ProcedureDLL EasyRequester(Message$)
    MessageRequester("EasyRequester !", Message$)
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureDLL.i bad_function( v.i )
    ProcedureReturn 123
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.i good_function( v.i )
    ProcedureReturn 456
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.b test_byte( b.b )
    ProcedureReturn b.b * 2
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.c test_char( b.c )
    ProcedureReturn b.c
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.s test_lpstr( s.s )
    ProcedureReturn s.s
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.w test_word( w.w )
     ProcedureReturn w.w
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.l test_dword( dw.l )
    ProcedureReturn dw.l
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL test_bool( b.b )
    ProcedureReturn b.b
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.i test_int( i.i )
    ProcedureReturn i.i * 2
   EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.l test_long( l.l )
    ProcedureReturn l.l * 2
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.f test_float( f.f )
    ProcedureReturn f.f
  EndProcedure

  ProcedureCDLL.d test_double( d.d )
    ProcedureReturn d.d
  EndProcedure

CompilerElse

  If OpenLibrary(0, "MC64DLLTest.dll") Or OpenLibrary(0, "MC64DLLTest.so")
    CallFunction(0, "EasyRequester", @"Hello World!")  
  EndIf

CompilerEndIf

...and the EasyLanguage MC source that calls the above DLL...

Code

// Fu510nDLLTest - MultiCharts DLL test harness (writes output to Output window)

vars:
	int idx( 0 ),
	int n( 0 ),
	float f( 0.0 ),
	double d1( 0.0 ),
	s1( "string" ),
	s2( "" );

array:
	nArray[9]( 0 );

DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", byte,   "test_byte",   byte;   // 1 byte integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", char,   "test_char",   char;   // 1 byte integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", word,   "test_word",   word;   // 2 byte unsigned integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", dword,  "test_dword",  dword;  // 4 byte unsigned integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", bool,   "test_bool",   bool;   // 4 byte boolean
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", int,    "test_int",    int;    // 4 byte signed integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", long,   "test_long",   long;   // 4 byte signed integer
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", float,  "test_float",  float;  // 4 byte floating point
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", double, "test_double", double; // 8 byte floating point
DefineDLLFunc: "MC64DLLTest.dll", LPSTR,  "test_lpstr",  LPSTR;  // pointer to a char

once begin

	nArray[0] = 0;
	nArray[1] = 127;
	nArray[2] = 128;
	nArray[3] = 255;
	nArray[4] = -1;
	nArray[5] = 256;
	nArray[6] = 65536;
	nArray[7] = 65536*256;
	nArray[8] = 65536*65536;

	ClearDebug();

	for idx = 0 to 5 begin
		n = test_byte( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_byte( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	for idx = 0 to 5 begin
		n = test_char( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_char( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	s2 = test_lpstr( s1 );
	MessageLog( "test_lpstr( ", s1, " )=[ ", s2 , " ]" );

	MessageLog( "" );

	for idx = 0 to 6 begin
		n = test_word( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_word( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	for idx = 0 to 8 begin
		n = test_dword( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_dword( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	MessageLog( "test_bool( False )=[ ", test_bool( False ), " ]" );
	MessageLog( "test_bool( True )=[ ", test_bool( True ), " ]" );

	MessageLog( "" );

	nArray[8] = 65536*32768-1;
	nArray[9] = -(65536*32768);

	for idx = 0 to 9 begin
		n = test_int( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_int( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	for idx = 0 to 9 begin
		n = test_long( nArray[idx] );
		MessageLog( "test_long( ", nArray[idx]:0:0, " )=[ ", n:0:0, " ]" );
	end;

	MessageLog( "" );

	f = test_float( 123456.123456 );
	MessageLog( "test_float( ", 123456.123456:8:8, " )=[ ", f:8:8, " ]" );

	MessageLog( "" );

	d1 = test_double( 12345678.12345678 );
	MessageLog( "test_double( ", 12345678.12345678:8:8, " )=[ ", d1:8:8, " ]" );

end;

...which outputs...

Code

test_byte( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_byte( 127 )=[ 254 ]
test_byte( 128 )=[ 0 ]
test_byte( 255 )=[ 254 ]
test_byte( -1 )=[ 254 ]
test_byte( 256 )=[ 0 ]

test_char( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_char( 127 )=[ 127 ]
test_char( 128 )=[ -128 ]
test_char( 255 )=[ -1 ]
test_char( -1 )=[ -1 ]
test_char( 256 )=[ 0 ]

test_lpstr( string )=[ string ]

test_word( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_word( 127 )=[ 127 ]
test_word( 128 )=[ 128 ]
test_word( 255 )=[ 255 ]
test_word( -1 )=[ 65535 ]
test_word( 256 )=[ 256 ]
test_word( 65536 )=[ 0 ]

test_dword( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_dword( 127 )=[ 127 ]
test_dword( 128 )=[ 128 ]
test_dword( 255 )=[ 255 ]
test_dword( -1 )=[ 4294967295 ]
test_dword( 256 )=[ 256 ]
test_dword( 65536 )=[ 65536 ]
test_dword( 16777216 )=[ 16777216 ]
test_dword( 4294967296 )=[ 0 ]

test_bool( False )=[ FALSE ]
test_bool( True )=[ TRUE ]

test_int( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_int( 127 )=[ 254 ]
test_int( 128 )=[ 256 ]
test_int( 255 )=[ 510 ]
test_int( -1 )=[ -2 ]
test_int( 256 )=[ 512 ]
test_int( 65536 )=[ 131072 ]
test_int( 16777216 )=[ 33554432 ]
test_int( 2147483647 )=[ -2 ]
test_int( -2147483648 )=[ 0 ]

test_long( 0 )=[ 0 ]
test_long( 127 )=[ 254 ]
test_long( 128 )=[ 256 ]
test_long( 255 )=[ 510 ]
test_long( -1 )=[ -2 ]
test_long( 256 )=[ 512 ]
test_long( 65536 )=[ 131072 ]
test_long( 16777216 )=[ 33554432 ]
test_long( 2147483647 )=[ -2 ]
test_long( -2147483648 )=[ 0 ]

test_float( 123456.12345600 )=[ 123456.12500000 ]

test_double( 12345678.12345678 )=[ 12345678.12345678 ]

March 1st, 2015, 12:21 AM

Thanks!

Best wishes,

Alex

Calling external DLL from EasyLanguage

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Calling external DLL from EasyLanguage